Monkeypox is a viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, which also includes the viruses that cause smallpox and cowpox. The disease was first discovered in 1958 when two outbreaks occurred in colonies of monkeys kept for research, hence the name “monkeypox.”
Symptoms:
- Rash: Begins as flat lesions and progresses to raised bumps, fluid-filled blisters, and then scabs.
- Fever
- Headache
- Muscle aches
- Backache
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Chills
- Exhaustion
Transmission:
- Animal-to-human: Through direct contact with the blood, bodily fluids, or skin lesions of infected animals.
- Human-to-human: Through respiratory droplets, direct contact with bodily fluids or lesions, and contaminated objects.
Geographical Spread:
While initially found in Central and West Africa, monkeypox has appeared in other regions through travel-related cases and outbreaks, particularly in 2022 when cases were reported in various countries outside Africa.
Treatment and Prevention:
- Vaccination: Smallpox vaccines can offer protection against monkeypox.
- Antiviral treatments: Specific antivirals, like Tecovirimat, can be used under certain circumstances.
- Preventive measures: Avoiding contact with potentially infected animals, practicing good hygiene, and using protective equipment when caring for infected individuals.
Monkeypox is generally less severe than smallpox, but it can still lead to significant illness, especially in vulnerable populations.